My research agenda broadly centers on the intersection between historical ecology and green international relations, exploring such topics as nature-society relations, international orders, and the formation and development of the sovereign nation-state. To understand and study world politics through an ecological lens, my projects begin with broad questions: Where is the environment? How is it understood and treated? What historical processes led to such modern systems of governance and organization? Consequently, I investigate how sovereign states emerged and explore the long-term effects of this state formation process on contemporary issues related to environmental governance, conflict, and human security, mainly focusing on Europe, China, and South Asia.